Upper limb blocks

Upper limb nerve blocks

Brachial plexus blockade has enjoyed great popularity since it was first reported in 1884. As the ventral primary rami of cervical nerves 5–8 and a part of the first thoracic nerve emerge from the intervertebral foramina, they are invested in a fascial sheath that runs to a point distal to the axilla. Effective regional anaesthesia can be achieved with single or multiple injections at a variety...

Lower limb blocks.

The advances in regional techniques for blocks of the lower limb have been driven primarily by the need to produce effective analgesia in the postoperative period and beyond. These techniques are commonly performed before or after central neuraxial blockade when this technique is used to provide anaesthesia and analgesia for the surgical procedure. Increasingly, modern practice demands a shorte...

Upper Extremity Nerve Blocks

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the upper limb: Treatment using a series of stellate ganglion blocks

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is a complex syndrome with a plethora of signs and symptoms that vary, both among individuals and with the progression of the disease over time (1). Five clinical types of RSD are recognized, including minor causalgia, minor traumatic dystrophy, shoulder hand syndrome, major causalgia and major traumatic dystrophy. The term ‘causalgia’ (burning pain) is reserv...

Normative data for modified Box and Blocks test measuring upper-limb function via motion capture.

Motion analysis is an important tool for examining upper-limb function. Based on previous work demonstrating a modified Box and Blocks (BB) test with motion capture to assess prosthetic performance, we collected data in 16 nondisabled participants to establish normative kinematics for this test. Four motions of the modified BB test were analyzed to establish kinematic data for upper-limb and tr...